Cancer metabolism is one of the core hallmarks of cancer [1, 2]. Mainly driven by oncogenic signaling pathways and by amplified or alternatively spliced metabolic enzymes, the characteristic and profound metabolic alteration allows cancer cells to accommodate metabolic demands to sustain growth, proliferation, and survival in nutrient fluctuating environment [3, 4](Fig. 1). Enhanced uptake of […]
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Introduction R-loops are three-stranded RNA:DNA loops when the nascently transcribed RNA anneals with the template DNA strand and displaces the non-template DNA as unpaired single strand. Besides nascent mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may also create and form R-loops. Mounting evidences now support cells can harness R-loops to regulate gene expression in ways including epigenetic
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Small RNA Modifications: Integral to Functions and Diseases Molecular Mechanisms of Small RNA Modification The Challenges and Solutions of Studying Modified Small RNAs Introduction Small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), harbor a diversity of RNA modifications. RNA modifications such as 5-methylcytidine (m5C), 7-methylguanosine (m7G), 8-oxoguanine(O8G), pseudouridine (Ψ) and m6A-methylation (m6A)
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Small RNA Modifications: Integral to Functions and Diseases Molecular Mechanisms of Small RNA Modifications The Challenges and Solutions of Studying Modified Small RNAs Small RNAs are modified by chemical groups that regulate the RNA activities or endow them with new functions. By various molecular mechanisms, for example, the modifications can alter the miRNA targeting
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Small RNA Modifications: Integral to Functions and Diseases Molecular Mechanisms of Small RNA Modifications The Challenges and Solutions of Studying Modified Small RNAs Profiling small RNA modifications is a key step in studying the increasingly important epitranscriptomics of the small RNA classes. However, not until recently, the methodologies and techniques were lacking or
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On average, there are about three m6A modifications per mRNA [1]. Most m6A modified mRNAs contain only a single m6A site, while some mRNAs can have up to 20 or more [2-5]. A “single-m6A site” has no other m6A sites nearby, either up- or down-stream. For multiple m6A sites, adjacent m6A sites tend to aggregate
The Functional Significance of Single and Polymethylated m6A Sites Read More »
N6-methyladenosine is the most abundant RNA modification in mammalian mRNA and long non-coding RNA, occurring on average in three to five sites per transcript[1,2]. Profiling m6A at single nucleotide resolution has been challenging. m6A on lower abundance mRNAs/lncRNAs, the inert reactivity of the methyl group, and interference from RNA structure near the modification site further contribute
Limitations of m6A-seq and Solutions of Arraystar m6A Single Nucleotide Arrays Read More »
Most m6A modification occurs in m6A motifs having a core ACA sequence, collectively referred to as m6ACA sites. For reliable collection of m6ACA sites, we have established a pipeline to discover all m6ACA sites that are quantifiable by array probes. Most m6ACA sites are consist of a single-ACA that can be profiled for m6A methylation
How to Collect Quantifiable m6ACA Sites? Read More »
RNA modifications, such as m6A, m1A, m5C, and pseudouridine, together form the epitranscriptome and collectively encode a new layer of gene expression regulation. m6A, the most abundant internal modification in mRNAs and lncRNAs, impacts all aspects of post-transcriptional mRNA/lncRNA metabolism and functions [1]. In addition, m6A are also involved in many other ncRNA functions, including
Why Is Epitranscriptomic Stoichiometry Vital for RNA Modification Study? Read More »
m6A is the most prominent modification in mRNA epitranscriptomics. Similarly, m6A modification is also abundant in amount, common in occurrence, and functionally important in the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) epitranscriptome (Fig.1) [1, 2]. Figure 1. (A) The numbers of lncRNA transcripts having m6A, m5C or Y modifications. (B) m6A modification frequency along the lncRNA length and
Why Is m6A Modification in LncRNA Important? Read More »
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